Progress has been made in the development of the Sanaria Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) sporozoite (SPZ) vaccine, Sanaria® PfSPZ Vaccine, an effective whole parasite vaccine manufactured from PfSPZ extracted from the salivary glands of female Anopheles mosquitoes. Only broad deployment of an effective vaccine holds the promise of true elimination or eradication, and more so in the face of sudden developments of competing priorities.ĭevelopment of malarial vaccines presents a promising way forward in the global effort for malaria eradication. Moreover, WHO estimates deaths from malaria could double across sub-Saharan Africa this year due to disruptions in access to control measures, caused by the current COVID-19 pandemic. Despite annual investments of over $3 billion for intensive control measures, 2017 was the third consecutive year in which there was no decrease. The disease is estimated to cause almost $90B in GDP loss annually in Africa. In addition the impact of traditional measures like vector control (bednets, residual insecticide spraying, larviciding), intermittent presumptive therapy, mass drug administration, and case management (diagnosis and treatment), on malaria has plateaued and new tools, especially a vaccine are needed. With increasing drug and insecticide resistance, it has become ever more difficult for current treatments to maintain efficacy in reducing the prevalence of malaria worldwide. For 2017, the World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 219 million individuals worldwide were infected with the disease in 2017 and ranked it among the top 20 leading causes of death among both adults and infants in 2016. Further, greater than 90% of cases and deaths from Plasmodium falciparum (PF), which itself causes more than 98% of all deaths from malaria, occur in sub-Saharan Africa. The number of deaths, 405,000, was not substantially different from 2015, however more people die every 10 days from malaria than the 11,310 who died during the 2013-2015 Ebola epidemic. In 2018, the 228 million cases of malaria were an increase of about 16 million cases over 2015. Malaria presents a tremendous public health burden. This invention relates generally to dissection of mosquitoes, to malaria, and to whole parasite vaccines.
Automation Science and Engineering, (to appear in special issue) Oct. Taylor, “A Mosquito Pick-and-Place System for PfSPZ-based Malaria Vaccine Production”, IEEE Trans.
Chirikjian, “Mosquito Staging Apparatus for producing PfSPZ Malaria Vaccines”, in IEEE 15th International Conference on Automation Science and Engineering (CASE), Vancouver, BC, Aug. Chirikjian, “Multi-mosquito object detection and 2D pose estimation for automation of PfSPZ malaria vaccine production”, in IEEE 15th International Conference on Automation Science and Engineering (CASE), Vancouver, BC, Aug. Taylor, “Mosquito Pick-and-Place: Automating a Key Step in PfSPZ-based Malaria Vaccine Production”, in IEEE Conference on Automation Science and Engineering (CASE), Vancouver, BC, Aug. The government has certain rights in the invention.Īdditionally, the following articles are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties for all purposes: H. 1R44AI134500 awarded by the National Institute of Health. This invention was made with government support under Grant No. STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY-SPONSORED RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT These applications are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties for all purposes. 62/888,160, and incorporates aspects and elements disclosed in U.S. The present application claims priority to U.S. CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS AND INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE
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